Pipeline Architecture
A breakdown of Locale Network’s IoT L{Core} architecture showing the full data pipeline.
A Scalable Data Pipeline for City-Chain Data Networks
Locale Network’s IoT L{Core} architecture is built to securely connect real-world devices to smart contracts using encrypted data, zero-knowledge proofs, and efficient on-chain processing. By combining Stylus-based Rust contracts, dual encryption, embedded SQLite databases, and RISC Zero zk-proofs, this system enables trusted automation for smart city services like lending, insurance, and mobility—while preserving data privacy at every layer. The breakdown below outlines each layer of the architecture and its role in processing, securing, and verifying IoT data within the Locale Network.
1. Contract Layer (Blockchain Execution & dApp Logic)
Orbit + WASM: A high-performance execution environment combining Arbitrum Orbit’s custom chain architecture with WebAssembly (WASM), enabling support for non-EVM programming languages and custom virtual machines.
RISC Zero (Proof Commitment): Enables verifiable computation using zero-knowledge proofs. Smart contracts verify the authenticity of off-chain data using zk-STARK-powered proof commitments without revealing the underlying data.
These applications are deployed within the WASM runtime on Orbit for fast, modular execution.
Dual Encryption Protocol:
AES-256-GCM
XChaCha20-Poly1305 Used for symmetric encryption of both user data and IoT payloads across layers to ensure multi-layered security.
2. Data Management Layer (Stylus Smart Contracts)
Arbitrum Stylus: Used to deploy high-efficiency, Rust-based smart contracts that interface with encrypted IoT data. Each Stylus contract module corresponds to a function in the broader Locale data processing system, including:
Data Ingestion
Validation
Transformation
Routing to encrypted storage
Stylus serves as the programmable middleware connecting the contract layer to both smart devices and encrypted databases.
3. Encryption Layer (Secure Off-Chain Computation & Data Storage)
RISC Zero (zkProof Generator): Generates verifiable zk-proofs on IoT data integrity and device attestation before submitting proofs to Stylus contracts.
SQLite3 (Local Database): An embedded, tamper-proof SQL database used for lightweight off-chain data organization and retrieval. Encrypted using dual-encryption protocols and integrated directly into Stylus contracts for modular queries.
Dual Encryption Standards: Applied to all sensitive off-chain data, ensuring secure encryption before and after transmission to on-chain logic.
4. Smart Devices Layer (IoT Integration)
Locale Network supports a wide range of decentralized physical infrastructure networks (DePINs), each tagged and categorized by function:
Location: Home-based trackers, GPS sensors, geofencing systems
Climate: Raspberry Pi setups, air quality sensors, humidity/temperature modules
Motion: Android-enabled smart detectors, liquid and movement sensors
Light: Photodetectors, brightness sensors, smart lamps
Health: Medical wearables, vehicle telemetry, biometric scanners
Each device outputs structured data that enters the encryption pipeline before reaching the blockchain.
Data Flow Overview
1. Data Collection: Smart devices collect structured environmental or personal data based on domain.
2. Local Encryption & Proof Generation: Devices transmit data to an edge node, which performs dual encryption and generates zk-proofs using RISC Zero.
3. Contract Processing via Stylus: Encrypted data and proofs are submitted to Stylus-based smart contracts for validation and contract logic execution (e.g., lending or insurance).
4. Persistent Storage: Validated data is logged in encrypted SQLite3 databases on the Stylus layer, preserving provenance and compliance.
Key Advantages
Privacy-Preserving Architecture: Leverages FHE and zero-knowledge proofs (zk-STARKs via RISC Zero) to enforce strict data privacy while enabling public verification.
Smart Contract Efficiency: Rust-based Stylus contracts on Arbitrum provide a scalable, gas-efficient execution path for real-time logic.
Composable Data Infrastructure: SQLite3, embedded directly into the Stylus environment, enables structured, queryable IoT datasets on-chain.
Dual Encryption by Default: Secures data both at rest and in transit with robust encryption protocols.
Hardware-Agnostic Compatibility: Supports a wide range of IoT sensors and devices under a unified verification and processing architecture.
Use Case Examples
In a smart city deployment, sensors track traffic flow, environmental conditions, and public health indicators. Each sensor signs and encrypts data locally, sends it to the Locale Network for zk-proof generation and Stylus-based contract execution. Validated data powers real-time decisions—like adaptive traffic control or emergency alerts—while maintaining compliance with data protection regulations and public trust via transparent proofs.
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